Abstract: Streets constitute a critical skeletal system in the formation of settlements and serve as an essential linear space for the development of settlement structures. With progress in rural tourism economies, more attention is being paid to the wind-heat environment and the environmental comfort of street spaces in villages. Components of street spatial forms in Hong Village, Yi County, were analyzed and seven quantitative design indicators were determined: aspect ratio of streets, height difference, orientation, interface opening rate, gray space area ratio, water greening area ratio, and node area ratio. Meanwhile, microclimatic factors (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) in streets were monitored on typical weather days in winter and summer. The human thermal comfort index of physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated by the Ray Man software to construct a multi-linear regression model. Results indicate that: (1) in winter, PET of the study area has negative correlations with the aspect ratio, orientation, interface opening rate, gray space area ratio, and water greening area ratio, but it demonstrates positive correlations with height difference and node area ratio. In summer, PET has negative correlations with the aspect ratio, height difference, orientation, interface opening rate, and water greening area ratio, but it has positive correlations with the gray space area ratio and node area ratio. (2) The aspect ratio, height difference, orientation, gray space area ratio, and water greening area ratio significantly affect PET in winter. Specifically, aspect ratio affects PET the most (27.49%), followed by gray space area ratio (21.99%), water greening area ratio (18.16%), orientation trend (16.33%), and height difference (16.03%), successively. In summer, the aspect ratio and orientation significantly negatively affect PET. The aspect ratio (92.16%) influences PET markedly more than orientation (7.84%). (3) The diurnal variation of PET in each street demonstrates a stable trend of first rising and then decreasing in both winter and summer. (4) Optimal street spatial form in Hong Village is achieved within 4~6 for aspect ratio, 1.5~2.5m for the height difference, 30°~60° for orientation, 0.1~0.3 for the interface opening rate, 0.05~0.15 for the gray space area ratio, 0.05~0.15 for the water greening area ratio, and 0.1~0.15 for the node area ratio. (5) It is suggested to appropriately lower building height, increase point green plants and vertical green plants without occupation of ground spaces, and other spatial form designs of streets, which help improve the environmental quality of streets. (6) When the street orientation aligns with the included angle of wind directions, an obvious "narrow pipe effect" will be formed, and a reasonable road network layout will consider local prevailing wind directions. Research results can provide theoretical support and design references to optimize the spatial forms of streets in Huizhou traditional villages and promote the development of rural settlement environments.

Key words: Huizhou traditional village, street space form, wind-heat environment, PET, correlation analysis, linear regression, aspect ratio

摘要： 街巷是聚落形态生成的重要骨架系统，也是聚落形态发展的重要线性空间。宏村是徽州传统村落重要旅游景点之一，其街巷空间风热环境与环境舒适度受到游客和原住民的关注。主要目的是量化宏村街巷空间形态及探究形态指标与风热环境的关系。通过实地测量的方式，搜集宏村冬夏两季典型气象日风热环境参数，计算人体热舒适性指标（PET）构建多元线性回归模型。分析发现，宏村街巷空间冬季PET与宽高比、方位走向、界面开洞率、灰空间面积比、水体绿化面积比存在负相关关系，与高度差、节点面积比存在正相关关系；夏季PET与宽高比、高度差、方位走向、界面开洞率、水体绿化面积比存在负相关关系，与灰空间面积比、节点面积比存在正相关关系。结果表明宏村良好街巷空间形态是宽高比在4~6之间、高度差在1.5~2.5m之间、方位走向在30°~60°之间、界面开洞率在0.1~0.3之间、灰空间面积比在0.05~0.15之间、水体绿化面积比在0.05~0.15之间和节点面积比在0.1~0.15之间。

关键词: 徽州传统村落, 街巷空间形态, 风热环境, 生理等效温度, 相关性分析, 线性回归, 宽高比